1,3-Diaminopropane

Product Details

CasNo： 109-76-2

MF： C3H10N2

Appearance： liquid

Delivery Time： 15 days

Packing： 200kg/drum

Purity： 99%

1. Basic Information

• CAS No.: 109-76-2
• Molecular Formula: C3​H10​N2​
• Molecular Weight: 74.13
• English Name: 1,3-Diaminopropane; 1,3-Propanediamine
• Chemical Structure: H2​N−CH2​−CH2​−CH2​−NH2​ (two primary amino groups (-NH₂) attached to the terminal carbons of a 3-carbon alkane chain, the key to its high reactivity).

2. Physical and Chemical Properties

2.1 Physical Properties

• Appearance: Colorless, water-white liquid (high-purity grades are transparent; slight yellowing may occur with prolonged air exposure, but this does not affect core performance).
• Odor: Characteristic ammonia-like odor (stronger than aliphatic monoamines, with obvious irritation at high concentrations).
• Melting Point: -12℃ (higher than 1,2-propanediamine; less likely to solidify in temperate regions, but still requires insulation in cold environments).
• Boiling Point: 139.7℃ (at atmospheric pressure; higher boiling point enables stable use in medium-temperature reactions and easy separation via distillation).
• Relative Density: 0.89 (water = 1, at 20℃; lighter than water, forming a separate upper layer in immiscible liquid systems).
• Saturated Vapor Pressure: <1.07 kPa (at 20℃; low volatility, reducing vapor accumulation risks in well-ventilated workplaces).
• Flash Point: 48℃ (closed cup; classified as a combustible liquid, with lower fire hazard compared to low-flash-point solvents like ethanol, but still requiring ignition source control).
• Autoignition Temperature: 350℃ (high ignition temperature, further lowering accidental combustion risks).
• Explosion Limits: 2.8%–15.2% (V/V; wide explosive range—strict control of vapor concentration is necessary in confined spaces).
• Solubility: Easily soluble in water (forming a strongly alkaline solution); miscible with polar organic solvents such as methanol and ether; insoluble in non-polar solvents like benzene and hexane.

2.2 Chemical Properties

• Strong Basicity: Contains two primary amino groups, both of which can accept protons. Its aqueous solution is strongly alkaline (pH > 12 for a 100 g/L solution at 20℃), and it reacts with inorganic/organic acids to form stable salts (e.g., 1,3-propanediamine dihydrochloride).
• High Reactivity: Primary amino groups (-NH₂) are the main reactive sites:
  • Reacts with epoxy groups (ring-opening addition) to promote curing of epoxy resins.
  • Reacts with carboxylic acids, acid anhydrides, or acid chlorides to form amide bonds.
  • Reacts with isocyanates to generate urea derivatives.
  • Coordinates with metal ions (e.g., Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺) to form stable chelates, suitable for metal separation and purification.
• Stability: Stable under normal temperature and pressure, but decomposes at high temperatures (>250℃) to release toxic nitrogen oxide (NOₓ) gases. It is incompatible with strong oxidants (e.g., hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate) and strong acids—mixing may cause violent reactions.

3. Product Quality Standards

Industrial and reagent-grade 1,3-propanediamine have strict specifications, with reagent-grade products meeting higher purity requirements (e.g., standards from Merck, Sigma-Aldrich):

4. Core Applications

4.1 Epoxy Resin Curing Agent

The two terminal primary amino groups of 1,3-propanediamine undergo ring-opening addition with epoxy groups in epoxy resins, initiating cross-linking and curing. Key advantages:

• Cured resins exhibit excellent mechanical strength (high tensile and impact resistance), chemical resistance (resistant to acids, alkalis, and organic solvents), and thermal stability (continuous use temperature up to 120℃).
• Typical applications: Floor coatings (wear-resistant, anti-corrosive industrial floors), electronic packaging materials (insulating encapsulants for semiconductors), and composite materials (fiberglass-reinforced plastics for automotive/aviation parts).

4.2 Organic Synthesis & Pharmaceutical Intermediates

• Heterocyclic Compound Synthesis: Serves as a building block for synthesizing imidazolines, pyrazines, and other heterocycles—key structures in functional materials and pharmaceuticals.
• Pharmaceutical Production: Used to synthesize anti-cancer drugs (e.g., certain alkylating agents) and antibiotics. Its amino groups enable precise modification of drug molecules, optimizing efficacy and reducing side effects.

4.3 Chelating Agents & Metal Processing

• Chelating Agent Preparation: Reacts with dicarboxylic acids (e.g., oxalic acid, malonic acid) to form polyaminocarboxylic acid chelating agents, which can:
  • Improve electroplating quality (make coatings more uniform, bright, and adherent in copper, nickel, and chromium plating).
  • Remove heavy metal ions (e.g., Pb²⁺, Cd²⁺, Hg²⁺) from industrial wastewater, meeting environmental discharge standards.

4.4 Polyamide Synthesis

Undergoes condensation polymerization with dibasic acids (e.g., adipic acid, sebacic acid) to produce specialty polyamide resins:

• These resins have high melting points and good solubility, used in manufacturing high-performance fibers (heat-resistant textile fibers), engineering plastics (lightweight automotive parts), and thin films (barrier films for food packaging).

4.5 Ion Exchange Resins & Adsorbents

As a functionalization reagent, it is grafted onto polymer backbones (e.g., polystyrene) or inorganic materials (e.g., silica gel) to introduce amino groups, preparing:

• Anion exchange resins (used in water softening, high-purity water preparation, and wastewater treatment to remove nitrate, phosphate, and chromate ions).
• Adsorbents (for capturing CO₂ from flue gas or separating rare earth metals from ore leachates).

4.6 Corrosion Inhibitors

• Vapor Corrosion Inhibitor: Volatilizes slightly to form a protective film on metal surfaces (e.g., steel, copper), preventing rust during storage and transportation of metal parts.
• Circulating Water Corrosion Inhibitor: Added to industrial cooling water systems to inhibit corrosion of pipelines and heat exchangers, extending equipment service life.

5. Safety Information

5.1 Toxicity

• Acute Toxicity: Moderately toxic—oral LD₅₀ (rat): 350 mg/kg; dermal LD₅₀ (rabbit): 200 mg/kg.
• Chronic Risks: Long-term exposure to low concentrations may cause respiratory tract irritation (cough, sore throat) and skin sensitization (allergic dermatitis).

5.2 Hazardous Properties

• Fire & Explosion Risk: Flammable—vapor forms explosive mixtures with air. Contact with open flames, high heat, or oxidants may trigger combustion or explosion. Thermal decomposition releases toxic NOₓ gases, which are harmful if inhaled.
• Corrosiveness: Irritates the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Skin contact causes redness, blistering, and chemical burns; eye contact may lead to corneal damage or vision loss if not rinsed promptly.

5.3 Protective Measures

• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
  • Respiratory Protection: Wear a full-face self-priming filter respirator (with organic vapor cartridges) in poorly ventilated areas.
  • Body Protection: Wear acid/alkali-resistant rubber overalls to prevent liquid splashing.
  • Hand Protection: Wear nitrile rubber gloves (latex gloves are permeable and not recommended).
  • Eye Protection: Wear chemical splash goggles or a full-face shield.
• Workplace Safety: Ensure good ventilation; install flammable gas detectors and emergency exhaust systems. Prohibit smoking, eating, or drinking in the work area.
• Emergency Response:
  • Skin Contact: Immediately rinse with plenty of flowing water for 15+ minutes, then apply a neutralizing agent (e.g., dilute acetic acid) and seek medical attention.
  • Eye Contact: Flush with sterile normal saline for 15+ minutes, avoid rubbing, and seek emergency medical care.
  • Inhalation: Move to fresh air, keep the airway open, and administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

6. Packaging & Storage

• Packaging:
  • Industrial Grade: 200 L galvanized steel drums (epoxy resin-lined to prevent corrosion) or 1000 L IBC tanks (HDPE inner liner) for bulk transportation.
  • Reagent Grade: 500 mL, 1 L, or 5 L amber glass bottles (light-proof to slow oxidation) with PTFE-lined caps (to ensure sealing and prevent vapor leakage).
• Storage:
  • Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated warehouse (temperature ≤ 30℃), away from ignition sources, heat, strong oxidants, and acids.
  • Keep containers tightly sealed to avoid absorption of CO₂ and moisture from the air (which reduces purity and alkalinity).
  • Shelf Life: 12 months under proper storage conditions. If discoloration (dark yellow) or odor change occurs, re-test purity before use.
• Transportation: Classified as a hazardous chemical (UN No. 2259, Class 8 Corrosive Substance). Label with "Flammable" and "Corrosive" warnings; avoid 剧烈 collisions and direct sunlight.