Acetonitrile

Product Details

CasNo： 75-05-8

MF： C2H3N

Appearance： liquid

Delivery Time： 15 days

Packing： 200kg/drum

Purity： 99%

1. Basic Information

• Chinese Name: 乙腈 (Synonyms: 甲基氰，氰基甲烷)
• English Name: Acetonitrile
• CAS No.: 75-05-8
• Molecular Formula: C₂H₃N
• Molecular Weight: 41.05
• Appearance: Colorless transparent liquid at room temperature
• Odor: Slight ether-like smell; pure grades have a faint odor, while grades with higher impurity content may have a pungent smell

2. Physical and Chemical Properties

3. Core Applications

3.1 Pharmaceutical and Pesticide Industries (Primary Application)

• Solvent/Intermediate for Drug Synthesis: Used in the synthesis of antibiotics (e.g., cephalosporins, penicillins), vitamins (e.g., vitamin B1), and anti-tumor drugs. As a reaction medium or extractant, it improves reaction selectivity and product purity.
• Pesticide Intermediate: Key raw material for producing herbicides (e.g., cyanazine) and insecticides (e.g., imidacloprid) in cyanide-containing pesticide synthesis.

3.2 Chemical and Analytical Industries

• Solvent for Organic Synthesis: Suitable for Grignard reactions, coupling reactions, etc., especially for the synthesis of polar compounds. It can also be recovered as a by-product from acrylonitrile production to realize resource recycling.
• Chromatographic Reagent: High-purity acetonitrile (HPLC grade, purity ≥99.99%) is a core mobile phase for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). It is used in precision experiments such as pharmaceutical impurity detection and environmental pollutant analysis, requiring low water content (≤0.01%) and low UV absorption (absorbance ≤0.005 at 210 nm).

3.3 Electronics and New Materials Industries

• Electronic Cleaning Solvent: Used in cleaning processes for semiconductor chips and liquid crystal displays (LCDs) to remove photoresist residues and metal ion impurities. It must meet "electronic-grade" purity (impurity ion content ≤10 ppb).
• Lithium-Ion Battery Electrolyte Additive: Added in small amounts to lithium-ion battery electrolytes to improve lithium-ion migration efficiency and enhance battery cycle life and safety.

3.4 Other Uses

• Serves as a rubber additive to improve rubber processing performance.
• Used for extraction and separation of fatty acids and waxes, as well as a solvent for coatings and inks (needs to be mixed with co-solvents to adjust volatility).

4. Quality Specifications (by Grade)

Acetonitrile is classified into industrial grade, reagent grade (HPLC grade), and electronic grade based on purity and application. The key index differences are as follows:

5. Safety, Storage, and Transportation Information

5.1 Hazard Warnings

• Toxicity: Moderate toxicity; can enter the human body via inhalation, skin contact, or ingestion. Short-term exposure to high-concentration vapor causes headaches, nausea, and difficulty breathing; long-term exposure may damage the liver and kidneys. Ingestion or heavy inhalation can lead to cyanide poisoning (immediate medical attention is required, and nitrite-based antidotes should be used).
• Flammability: With a flash point of only 2℃, it easily ignites when exposed to open flames, high temperatures (ignition temperature ≥524℃), or electrostatic sparks. Combustion releases toxic hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and nitrogen oxides (NOₓ). Smoking or using non-explosion-proof equipment in work areas is strictly prohibited.

5.2 Storage Requirements

• Store in a cool, well-ventilated, explosion-proof warehouse at a temperature not exceeding 30℃. Keep away from ignition sources and heat (e.g., radiators, heating furnaces) and avoid direct sunlight.
• Containers should be solvent-resistant glass bottles or HDPE plastic drums (industrial-grade acetonitrile can use 200L steel drums with anti-corrosion inner coating). Ensure tight sealing to prevent volatilization.
• Store strictly separately from strong acids (e.g., hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid), strong oxidants (e.g., hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid), and alkalis (e.g., sodium hydroxide) to avoid decomposition caused by mixing.
• The storage area should be equipped with dry powder fire extinguishers and foam fire extinguishers (water extinguishing is prohibited, as acetonitrile is insoluble in water and less dense—pouring water will spread the fire). Post "Flammable & Toxic" and "No Open Flames" warning signs.

5.3 Transportation Specifications

• Regulated as a hazardous chemical with UN Number: UN 1648, Hazard Class: Class 3 (Flammable Liquids), Packing Group: II (Moderate Risk).
• Transport vehicles must have explosion-proof qualifications and be equipped with anti-static grounding devices. Mixed loading with other hazardous materials is prohibited.
• Avoid severe collisions, exposure to sunlight, or rain during transportation. In summer, transport during morning and evening to avoid high-temperature periods.

6. Environmental Characteristics

• Acetonitrile is biodegradable, but small amounts of cyanide may be released during degradation. Direct discharge into water bodies should be avoided.
• Industrial wastewater must undergo pre-treatment (e.g., alkaline hydrolysis to remove cyano groups) and meet the Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard (GB 8978-1996) before discharge.
• Waste acetonitrile must be incinerated by qualified units, with exhaust gas purification devices installed to prevent HCN and NOₓ from polluting the atmosphere.