Polyacrylic Acid

Product Details

CasNo： 9003-01-4

MF： (C3H4O2)n

Appearance： powder

Delivery Time： 15 days

Packing： 25kg/bag

Purity： 99%

1. Basic Information

• English Name: Polyacrylic Acid; PAA
• Chinese Name: 聚丙烯酸；丙烯酸树脂；PAA
• CAS Number: 9003-01-4
• Chemical Structure: −[−CH2​−CH(COOH)−]n​− (where n is the degree of polymerization, typically ranging from 100 to 100,000; the molecular chain is linear or slightly branched)
• Molecular Formula: (C3​H4​O2​)n​
• Average Molecular Weight:
  • Low Molecular Weight (LMW): 1,000–10,000 Da (focused on chelation and dispersion)
  • Medium Molecular Weight (MMW): 10,000–100,000 Da (focused on thickening and stabilization)
  • High Molecular Weight (HMW): 100,000–5,000,000 Da (focused on film-forming and water absorption)
• Common Synonyms: Poly(acrylic acid); Acrylic acid homopolymer

2. Physical and Chemical Properties

3. Key Performance Characteristics

1. Efficient Thickening and Rheological Control
   Medium-to-high-molecular-weight PAA forms anionic chains in aqueous solutions via carboxyl ionization. These chains entangle with each other and interact with water molecules through hydrogen bonding, significantly increasing system viscosity. Its thickening efficiency is 2–3 times that of traditional thickeners (e.g., carboxymethyl cellulose, CMC). Rheological properties can be precisely controlled by adjusting pH, salt concentration (e.g., NaCl), or cross-linking agents (e.g., N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide):

• Cosmetic Field: Adding 0.1%–0.5% to shampoos and body washes imparts a smooth, viscous texture, improving flowability and spreadability.
• Coating Field: Used as a rheological additive to prevent pigment sedimentation and enhance coating uniformity and anti-sagging performance.

1. Excellent Dispersion and Suspension Properties
   Low-molecular-weight PAA effectively disperses particulate matter (e.g., calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, clay) through electrostatic repulsion and steric hindrance effects:

• Water Treatment: Adding 0.05%–0.2% to circulating cooling water chelates Ca²⁺/Mg²⁺ and disperses scale nuclei, preventing pipe scaling.
• Paper Industry: Disperses fibers and fillers to improve paper uniformity and strength.
• Pigments/Dyes: Stabilizes suspended pigment particles, avoiding agglomeration and flocculation to enhance coloring effects.

1. Metal Ion Chelation and Corrosion Inhibition
   Carboxyl groups on PAA’s molecular chain form stable complexes with metal ions (e.g., Ca²⁺, Fe²⁺), reducing metal ion activity:

• Industrial Cleaning: Acts as a chelating agent to remove rust and scale from metal surfaces, preventing secondary deposition.
• Oil Extraction: Chelates Ca²⁺/Sr²⁺ in injected formation water to prevent inorganic salt precipitation from clogging oil reservoirs, improving oil recovery.

1. Film-Forming and Adsorption Properties
   High-molecular-weight PAA forms a transparent, flexible film when dried, with good adhesion to various substrates (e.g., glass, metals, fabrics):

• Textile Dyeing: Used as a sizing agent and film-forming finishing agent to enhance fabric wear resistance and stiffness.
• Leather Processing: Treats leather surfaces to improve water resistance and stain resistance.
• Water Treatment Membranes: Modifies membrane materials to enhance hydrophilicity and anti-fouling performance.

4. Main Application Fields

1. Cosmetics and Personal Care (Core Scenario)

2. Industrial Water Treatment

• Circulating Cooling Water Systems: Adding 0.05%–0.3% chelates Ca²⁺/Mg²⁺, disperses scale, inhibits microbial slime, and extends equipment service life.
• Reverse Osmosis (RO) Pretreatment: Used as an anti-scaling agent to prevent inorganic salts (e.g., CaCO₃, BaSO₄) from depositing on membrane surfaces, reducing membrane cleaning frequency.

3. Coatings and Inks

• Water-Based Coatings: Adding 0.5%–2% as a dispersant and thickener stabilizes pigment particles, improving leveling and hiding power.
• Printing Inks: Adjusts ink viscosity and drying speed, prevents pigment sedimentation, and enhances printing clarity.

4. Textiles and Leather

• Textile Dyeing: Serves as a sizing agent, dispersant, and finishing agent to improve fabric dye uniformity and color fastness.
• Leather Processing: Used as a retanning agent and coating agent to enhance leather softness, water resistance, and anti-aging performance.

5. Other Fields

• Oil Extraction: Used as a drilling fluid dispersant and oil displacement agent to reduce fluid viscosity and improve crude oil recovery.
• Paper Industry: Disperses fibers and fillers to reduce paper holes and spots, enhancing paper strength.
• Soil Improvement: Acts as a water-retaining agent and heavy metal adsorbent to improve soil structure and remediate contaminated soil.

5. Safety & Usage Guidelines

1. Usage & Handling

• Dissolution Method:
  • Solid PAA: Slowly add powder to stirred cold water (to avoid caking), then heat to 50–60°C to accelerate dissolution.
  • Liquid PAA: Can be directly diluted, but avoid direct mixing with strong alkaline substances (e.g., NaOH) to prevent local gelation.
• pH Adjustment: PAA is most stable at pH 6–9; precipitation may occur under acidic conditions (pH <4), and hydrolysis accelerates under strong alkalinity (pH >10).
• Incompatibility: Avoid direct mixing with high-valent metal salts (e.g., ferric sulfate, aluminum chloride) or strong oxidizers (e.g., sodium hypochlorite) to prevent gelation or degradation.

2. Safety Protection

• Skin Contact: Low-concentration aqueous solutions have low skin irritation; high-concentration solutions or solid powders may cause mild irritation. Wear gloves during handling; rinse with water if contact occurs.
• Eye Contact: If splashed into eyes, immediately rinse with plenty of water for 15 minutes; seek medical attention if necessary.
• Oral Toxicity: Acute oral LD₅₀ (rat) >10,000 mg/kg (low toxicity), but oral ingestion is prohibited.

3. Environmental & Regulatory Compliance

• Biodegradability: PAA has poor biodegradability (28-day degradation rate <10%) and must be discharged after treatment at sewage treatment plants.
• Regulatory Compliance: Industrial-grade PAA meets standards such as GB/T 10533-2014 (Water Treatment Agents) and HG/T 2838-2010 (Industrial Circulating Cooling Water). Cosmetic-grade PAA must pass skin irritation and microbial testing, complying with China’s Cosmetic Safety Technical Specification.

6. Packaging & Storage

1. Packaging Specifications

• Liquid Products: 200 L HDPE plastic drums (net weight: 200 kg/drum), 1,000 L IBC totes (net weight: 1,000 kg/tote), sealed to prevent volatilization.
• Solid Products: 25 kg/bag (inner polyethylene film bag, outer kraft paper bag or polypropylene woven bag), moisture-proof and tear-resistant.
• Sample Sizes: 500 g/bottle, 1 kg/bag, for customer formulation testing.

2. Storage Conditions

• Storage Environment: Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated warehouse (temperature: 5–35°C, relative humidity: <75%); avoid direct sunlight and high temperatures (>40°C).
• Moisture-Proof and Sealing: Seal solid PAA immediately after opening to prevent moisture absorption and caking; ensure drum lids are tightly closed when storing liquid PAA to prevent water evaporation or microbial contamination.
• Shelf Life: Unopened solid PAA has a shelf life of 36 months, while unopened liquid PAA has a shelf life of 24 months. Use opened packages within 6 months.